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Recent studies suggest that androgen-driven alteration to the autocrine and paracrine factors produced by scalp dermal papilla (DP) cells may be a key to androgen-potentiated balding.
Here, we found that interleukin-6 (IL-6) level is higher in conditioned media of balding dermal papilla cells compared with non-balding dermal papilla cells by ELISA. IL-6 mRNA is up-regulated after dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment. Immunostaining showed that IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) is expressed in outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes. Recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6) caused apoptotic cell death in ORS keratinocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Also, immunoblot and immunostaining showed that STAT3, a IL-6 signaling pathway mediator, is activated by rhIL-6 in ORS keratinocytes. Histological analysis demonstrated that injection of rhIL-6 induced catagen phase in back skin of 5 weeks old mice. Also, implantation with agarose beads containing rhIL-6 delayed onset of anagen phase. Our data suggest that DHT-inducible IL-6 may be one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of DHT-driven balding.
Here, we found that interleukin-6 (IL-6) level is higher in conditioned media of balding dermal papilla cells compared with non-balding dermal papilla cells by ELISA. IL-6 mRNA is up-regulated after dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment. Immunostaining showed that IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) is expressed in outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes. Recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6) caused apoptotic cell death in ORS keratinocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Also, immunoblot and immunostaining showed that STAT3, a IL-6 signaling pathway mediator, is activated by rhIL-6 in ORS keratinocytes. Histological analysis demonstrated that injection of rhIL-6 induced catagen phase in back skin of 5 weeks old mice. Also, implantation with agarose beads containing rhIL-6 delayed onset of anagen phase. Our data suggest that DHT-inducible IL-6 may be one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of DHT-driven balding.