Gynaecomastia occurs when there is an abnormal increase in either prolactin or estradiol, in regards to 5ARIs, the latter mechanism is the culprit here. The former usually is the case when gynaecomastia arises as a side effect from antipsychotic medications.
Take a look at this chart:
http://i.gyazo.com/dbbc762b031e11387805edd0605aedf1.png
Average serum estradiol, which increases when excess free testosterone is aromatised, never rises above what is considered the normal reference range for men. Even the outliers (which were also present in the placebo group!) likely wouldn't produce any abnormal pathological changes. Look at this study, (
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7614406), it even shows normal, healthy, fertile men can have serum estradiol levels as high as 82 pg/mL (ng/L). Someone would have to have a predisposition for estrogenic side effects such as gynaecomastia to occur (read: abnormally high serum estradiol levels), hence the low incidence rate. This is why I had a comprehensive male hormone panel performed before I started any treatments, everything came back within their normal reference ranges.
If people did this they would be able to take measures to lower their serum estradiol if it was already high as a prophylactic so they don't get gynaecomastia while on 5ARI therapy. The only way to do this outside of taking an aromatase inhibitor is to lower your body fat percentage to a healthy level (less than 20%, ideally 6-15%) and exercise regularly (3-5x per week).
Aromatase enzymes are synthesised in adipose tissue, 75% of estradiol is aromatised from testosterone in fat cells, the remaining 25% in the testes and adrenal glands. People should really be doing everything in their power to maintain a healthy body fat percentage to ensure the lowest propensity for estrogenic side effects such as gynaecomastia. (
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3504068 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/234975)
Regular exercise prevents the overproduction of estrogen and those who do exercise regularly tend to have lower estrogen levels compared to their sedentary counterparts (
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23652373).
I've read that mild cases of gynaecomastia can resolve spontaneously. Gynaecomastia usually isn't something that happens instantly, pain or tenderness in the breasts/nipples usually occurs first and that should obviously be a sign that something is awry. As the Avodart adverts go, "tell your doctor if you have liver disease, rarely sexual side effects, swelling or tenderness of the breasts can occur"