An editorial by Dr. Marty Sawaya on the truth behind why Dutasteride trials were never finished despite its effectiveness, and why a new hair loss treatment with sufficient testing may be a long way off…
People keep asking about Dutasteride, from Glaxo. You have no idea how many questions I keep hearing, from “Why didn’t they go forward with it?” to “What is wrong with the company?” to “How can we use it off-label?” or “Does it really work better then finasteride?”, etc. Well, the answer to these questions, as usual, centers around corporate politics. Glaxo merged with Burroughs-Wellcome, and was then called Glaxo-Wellcome. This merger was fine, because the clinical studies for Dutasteride had already been completed through phase II. The results analyzed by the company showed that it really was an effective agent for hair growth in men; however, the company underwent another merger with Smith-Kline, in 1999. Phase III is the final leg of the study process, and if the ball had already been rolling, the company may have proceeded to complete the approval process. However, when the new top officials took over, they concluded something unsavory about the profitability of Dutasteride. After some analysis, they decided that Dutasteride would not make profits of over 500 million per year as a hair loss treatment, so it was placed to the side for other new drug development projects.
To date there are only two clinically proven products on the market. Sales of these products, Minoxidil (also known as Rogaine) and finasteride (also known as Propecia) were not making Wall Street projections, barely grossing $100 million per year. This was clearly disappointing, and companies realized that unless you really have a “blockbuster” (meaning, it will make over $500 million per year) don’t bother with the hair growth industry.
This doesn’t mean that Dutasteride wasn’t a blockbuster drug, but with the media hype about the sexual side effects of Finasteride/Propecia so inflated, it was hard to repair the damage. As huge and powerful as Merck, the manufacturer of Propecia was and still is, it didn’t matter. The media prevailed, and men were very cautious of using Propecia. Glaxo probably realized that Dutasteride would face even more challenges, since it was a more potent drug than Propecia, being a dual 5a-Reductase Enzyme Inhibitor, with a longer half-life (stays in the body a long, long time). Would anyone buy a once a week, or once a month pill for an outrageous price like $20 per pill? You say that you would, but would you really?
People are also the problem. Everyone wants “something” for “nothing” and the powers that be at Glaxo were fully aware of all the complaining men are doing about the cost of Propecia at $50 per month. They were also fully aware that people had figured out how to get it for cheaper by purchasing 5mg proscar and splitting the tabs into 1mg equivalent of Propecia. Glaxo took all of this into consideration. If you look at Dutasteride, now called Avodart (by Glaxo-Smith/Kline Co.), which is approved and only indicated for men with benign prostatic hypertrophy, it is a soft-gel capsule that cannot be cut up into portions. It is also a different dose, and not the one that would have probably been used for hair growth.
In any case, conducting clinical trials to prove hair growth in men and women can be a challenge. As simple as all of this might seem, it really is a tedious task to plan, organize, set-up and conduct clinical trials, costing millions and millions of dollars. These days, finding suitable subjects for the study is also a challenge, as so many people have used the currently available products, or have had hair transplants, weaves, or other procedures done to mask hair loss. The industry demands naive patients with no use of current or previous treatments, even herbal agents (which is another article for another day).
After Upjohn received so much criticism from their poorly designed Rogaine studies, it was no wonder when the next company, Merck, came to bat, that they had a burden on their back to improve the methods and technology for really proving hair growth. People demanded real hair, not the fuzz that Minoxidil was showing to grow. Although Merck pulled out the “red-carpet” for their studies, sparing no expense, the one that really came to their rescue was the Canfield Scientific Co., a family photography and imaging company based out of New Jersey. It was the ingenuity of Doug Canfield that inspired the set-angled camera with standard lighting, filters, using the same quality of film, and developing methods. Yes, this standardized the process of taking macro and microphotographs to assess hair growth on the scalp of patients in the clinical trials. It got to be that if you weren’t using these latest methods, you were “out of the game” and not considered an up-to-date player.
Merck also went the “whole-hog” and added taking 4 mm-punch scalp biopsies to their studies. To me, these biopsies were unnecessary, but were used to assess hair follicle numbers, as a back up to the photography. Nowadays, this is probably on the way-side, as I have always thought, if it truly grows cosmetically acceptable hair, you don’t need to do a biopsy, you should be able to see it with the proper photography methods in place, which nowadays, is available with digital photography. The next player that came along was just a few years ago. The Bristol Myers-Squibb company proclaimed a “similar to minoxidil” topical hair growth product that was supposed to be a “thousand times stronger” than Minoxidil. I wonder what happened to that? I guess they finally realized that “the thousand times stronger” was for contraction of cardiac tissue, since it was another vascular-blood pressure effecting agent, and not 1000-times stronger for growing hair.
So, we really haven’t seen many other companies come to the “plate” for starting hair growth studies. As I stated earlier, the bar of profit has been raised so high, and if you can’t reach market projections of over $500 million in sales per year, then it really does not come under serious consideration by the pharmaceutical industry. If you consider Biotech on the other hand, they would gladly take a product, if they had one, for these kind of market shares, but in the Biotech world, (a shaky world at that), I have not heard of any hair growth products coming to the forefront anytime soon.
Of course, every company thinks they “have something really BIG”, and they try to keep it under wraps because they really don’t have the background to assess what they have. So you end up hearing a lot of chatter on the various websites about this new “treatment”. I never take any of it seriously, and you shouldn’t either, until you see the clinical studies starting. If they go to large-scale clinical studies, that must mean they have something, or they wouldn’t spend the millions to conduct them, and believe me, they do cost a lot.
Once in a while, you may see a physician at a University/academic based center offer a clinical study for “hair” where they are able to apply for grant funds from a company to test their product on a small-scale basis. I wouldn’t get too excited about something like this either, because usually the physician is just “trying anything” they can to get grant funds from the company. This is what it’s all about in the University/academic setting. If you can’t get extramural funding from the National Institutes of Health or other agencies, then get it from industry. Sad.
For many companies, hair growth is just too risky of a business to venture into, and not widely held in high enough esteem, in comparison to heart disease, cancer and other more life-threatening areas of medicine. While everyone wants a “quick fix” and runs for the latest cosmetic laser therapies being offered to combat wrinkles and aging, the hair growth therapy arena is still in its primitive stages and has a long road to travel before anything earth-shattering comes to market.
As frustrating as all this sounds, for now, I still recommend hair transplants. Those seeking hair transplants should know that they do work, and rather well, so it is an option to consider, and I am always amazed at the dedication many of the hair transplant doctors have for wanting to improve and perfect their craft to get the most amazing end-results. Go shopping for the “good” hair-transplant docs; they are out there!
Marty Sawaya MD, PhD Physician/medical writer
