S Foote. said:
Bryan said:
[quote="S Foote.":76f86][quote="michael barry":76f86]THREE. The biggie. Sebaceous glands get BIGGER in male pattern baldness even in the front of the scalp. How can they enlarge if fluid pressure is too high to allow it?
But they don't Michael, this is a myth! Show me some hard evidence?
I believe I have previously shown you evidence for that, but not surprisingly, you just ignored it.
Bryan[/quote:76f86]
No Bryan, i have asked you for such evidence before, and you have yet to post any![/quote:76f86]
Oh, bullshit! So now you're suffering from AMNESIA, Stephen??
We've discussed this in the past, and I'm not going to spend hours going back through all my notes and studies just to refresh your faltering memory. However, here's a couple of relevant studies which I found in just a couple of minutes (I've highlighted in
bold certain important statements):
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J Invest Dermatol. 1987 Jul;89(1):87-92
"Is increased 5 alpha-reductase activity a primary phenomenon in androgen-dependent skin disorders?"
Dijkstra AC, Goos CM, Cunliffe WJ, Sultan C, Vermorken AJ.
Testosterone metabolism was investigated in fractions of human skin, enriched in epidermis, dermis, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands, by histologic sectioning of skin punch biopsies, and the results were compared with two culturable skin cells, i.e., keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Since sebocytes could not be brought in culture, metabolism was also investigated in the hamster flank model. In the epidermal tissue of the skin biopsies the predominant metabolite was androstenedione, formed by the enzyme 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The same was true for cultured hair follicle keratinocytes. In the deeper skin layers the formation of androstenedione was markedly reduced, whereas the formation of 5 alpha-reduced metabolites was highly increased, with a maximum in the skin fractions containing large sebaceous glands. Cultured shoulder skin fibroblasts showed a markedly different testosterone metabolism compared with the sectioned skin biopsies, suggesting that dermal fibroblasts play a less important role in the overall skin testosterone metabolism. The present approach, allowing the comparison of testosterone metabolism in different substructures of the same skin biopsy provides new evidence that the high 5 alpha-reductase activity in the specific skin fractions must be mainly ascribed to the sebaceous glands.
These results render a previous hypothesis, stating that the elevated level of 5 alpha-reductase and subsequent formation of dihydrotestosterone in androgenetic alopecia and acne (usually accompanied by seborrhea) could therefore simply be the consequence of sebaceous gland enlargement, much stronger. This hypothesis is further evaluated by quantitative correlation of sebaceous gland size with enzyme activity in the hamster flank model.
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J Invest Dermatol. 1989 Jan;92(1):91-5.
"Increased androgen binding capacity in sebaceous glands in scalp of male-pattern baldness"
Sawaya ME, Honig LS, Hsia SL.
Sebaceous glands were isolated by manual dissection under a microscope from surgical specimens of scalp skin with male pattern baldness and skin specimens of hairy and bald scalp obtained at autopsy. The 800 X g pellet (nuclear fraction) and the 164,000 X g supernatant fraction (cytosol) of homogenates of the sebaceous glands were used for measurements of androgen binding characteristics, using dextran-coated charcoal and sucrose gradient methods. Scatchard plots showed high affinity binding for [3H]dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and [3H]methyltrienolone (R1881). Nuclei prepared from bald scalp contained greater total androgen binding capacity than nuclei of hairy scalp, although Kd values of type I binding were similar (0.68 vs 0.56 nM, respectively). On sucrose gradient, the binding protein from cytosol was found in the 7 to 8S density range. Androgen binding by cytosol of sebaceous glands of hairy scalp had Kd of 1.89 +/- .79 and 2.05 +/- .56 nM for DHT and R1881, respectively, and Bmax of 18.7 +/- 4.4 and 20.0 +/- 4.6 fmol/mg protein for DHT and R1881, respectively. Cytosol from sebaceous glands of bald scalp had Kd values approximately half those of hairy scalp, and Bmax values 50%-100% higher. The bound 3H labeled DHT and R1881 could be partially displaced by testosterone (40-50%), moxestrol (28-32%), promegestone (19-26%), and delta 4-androstenedione (6-12%), but not by dehydroepiandrosterone.
These data demonstrate the presence of specific androgen binding protein in sebaceous glands, and that sebaceous glands of bald scalp have greater binding affinity and capacity for androgens than those in hairy scalp. This difference may explain the greater androgenic response in androgenic alopecia.