Some things on melatonin I found, which I think backs up your recommendation to put in with Ascorbic/MSM solution for topical use. Sounds like it's good for halting hairloss which is my goal. What do you think?
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In the search for alternative agents to oral finasteride and topical minoxidil for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (Androgenetic Alopecia), melatonin, a potent antioxidant and growth modulator, was identified as a promising candidate based on
in vitro and
in vivo studies.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3681103/
Using a digital software-supported epiluminescence technique (TrichoScan) in 35 men with Androgenetic Alopecia, after 3 and 6 months in 54.8% to 58.1% of the patients a significant increase of hair density of 29% and 41%, respectively was measured (M0: 123/cm2; M3: 159/cm2; M6: 173/cm2
(
P < 0,001). (4) In 60 men and women with hair loss, a significant reduction in hair loss was observed in women, while hair loss in men remained constant (
P < 0.001). (5) In a large, 3-month, multi-center study with more than 1800 volunteers at 200 centers, the percentage of patients with a 2- to 3-fold positive hair-pull test decreased from 61.6% to 7.8%, while the percentage of patients with a negative hair-pull test increased from 12.2.% to 61.5% (
P < 0.001). In addition, a decrease in seborrhea and seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp was observed.
Based on the positive effects of melatonin on hair growth, ASATONA AG (Zug, Switzerland) developed a topically applied cosmetic hair solution with a melatonin content of 0.0033%, which was intended to slow the hair's aging process and be used as an adjuvant treatment for Androgenetic Alopecia.
In order to provide a reliable, technically and methodologically objective assessment of the therapeutic benefits of the cosmetic melatonin solution a further open-label, clinically controlled study was carried out based on the TrichoScan method to determine the efficacy and tolerability of the melatonin hair solution, which was applied to the scalp each night by 35 men (aged 18-41 years) with Stage I or II Androgenetic Alopecia (Hamilton/Norwood scale) for a period of 6 months.[
39] The study was carried out from April 2004 to April 2005 at the Instituto Dermatologico Europeo (European Dermatological Institute) (IDE) in Milan, Italy following review and approval by the corresponding Ethics Committee in accordance with GCP. Prior to participating in the study the patients signed a written informed consent form. TrichoScan is a digital software-supported epiluminescence technique for measuring hair count (number of hairs/0.7cm2), hair density (number of hairs/cm2), hair diameter, anagen/telogen ratio, and vellus hair/terminal hair ratio.[
40,
41] The results of this study showed an increase in the hair count (number of hairs/0.7cm2) in 54.8% of participants after 3 and 6 months, respectively, and improved hair density (number of hairs/cm2) in 54.8% and 58.1% of participants after 3 and 6 months, respectively.
The increase in the hair count was 29.2% (3 months vs. 0 month) and 42.7% (6 months vs. 0 month); both values were statistically significant (
P < 0.001) (Month 0: 85.76 ± 27.0; Month 3: 110.82 ± 31.7; Month 6: 122.35 + 40.5). In the case of hair density an increase of 29.1% and 40.9% was determined after 3 and 6 months, respectively (Month 0: 123.15 ± 39.0; Month 3: 159.03 ± 46.8; Month 6: 173.56 ± 58). The differences among the hair density values were also significant (
P < 0.001).
Objective assessment of treatment with the cosmetic melatonin solution by the medical investigator at each visit found improved hair loss in 26.6% (Day 30), 48.2% (Day 90) and 32.1% (Day 180) of patients, whereby the proportion of patients showing improvement was greatest after 90 days and even included a small group of patients with new hair growth. In addition, the proportion of patients exhibiting no change in hair loss during the period from Day 30 to Day 90 decreased from about 73.3% to 48.2% and this value was maintained through Day 180. Hair loss continued in 3.4% of patients (at 90 days) and in 19.3% (at 180 days)
Receptor-mediated melatonin effects are theoretically possible because the MT1 membrane receptor has been detected in both human hair follicle keratinocytes and fibroblasts of the dermal hair papillae by means of Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)[
30] as well as
in situ in the human scalp at the center of the outer and inner root sheath of the hair follicle.[
28] An aberrant form of the MT2 membrane receptor has also been detected in human fibroblasts of the dermal hair papillae.[
30] A specific, hair cycle-dependent expression of MT2 in the skin has been demonstrated in the C57BL/6 mouse model.[
34] Thus, this receptor could have a functional influence on the hair cycle if the knowledge gained from the mouse model can be applied to humans. To date only weak expression of MT2 in the human hair follicle has been detected in the inner root sheath using immunohistochemical techniques.[
28] While individual human skin cells (keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts) contain the MT3 receptor or NQO2, it has not been detected to date in individual hair follicle cells or
in situ in the hair follicle.[
27] MT3/NQO2 could play a role in the prevention of oxidative stress in HF catagen regression or in oxidative stress-induced hair aging.[
12] The nuclear melatonin receptor RORα performs a biological function in hair growth because RORα-knock-out mice had significantly thinner coats.[
33] Hair cycle-dependent regulation of the nuclear receptor in the inner and outer root sheath was also able to be identified in C57BL/6 mice.[
34] The melatonin receptors identified to date are all in the root sheath of the hair, which assists in the regulation of hair growth in addition to mechanically stabilizing the hair shaft. Thus, it can be inferred that the growth-promoting properties of melatonin are at least partially regulated by its receptors in the root sheath of the hair.
The effect of melatonin on hair growth may also be mediated by interaction with androgens and estrogens as well as their receptors, as evidenced by the antiandrogenic effect of melatonin on benign prostate cells.[
50] While the antiandrogenic effect on prostate cells is accompanied by an inhibition of proliferation, antiandrogenic effects on hair follicles include prolongation of the hair cycle and decreased miniaturization.[
2] Human benign prostate cells and human skin express functionally active melatonin receptors (MT1),[
30,
51] making it possible to also assume a melatonin receptor-mediated, antiandrogenic effect in the skin and hair follicles.
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Hey. I've been reading a lot. Learned a lot but also confused a lot.
Should we be focusing on decreasing PGD2, leaving PGE2 alone, and increasing PGE1??
DGLA (Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid) is the immediate precursor of PGE1. (Prostaglandin E1). PGE1 counteracts PGE2 as well. Also, Cox-1 is needed for the production of PGE1.
This is all stuff I'm getting from Squegee's posts.
You should read this as well: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jar/2012/121390/#B145
In healthy endothelium, these vasodilators and vasoconstrictors, coexisting with other vasoactive factors, are held in balance to maintain normal vascular functions. The aging process shifts this balanced profile toward a proconstrictive mediator profile [76, 77].