Factors affecting cortisol levels
Caffeine may increase cortisol levels.[44] Sleep deprivation increases cortisol levels.[45]
Intense (high VO2 max) or prolonged physical exercise stimulate cortisol release in order to increase gluconeogenesis and maintain blood glucose.[46] Proper nutrition[47] and high-level conditioning[48] can help stabilize cortisol release.
Val/Val variation of the BDNF gene in men, and the Val/Met variation in women is associated with increased salivary cortisol in a stressful situation.[49]
Magnesium supplementation decreases serum cortisol levels after aerobic exercise,[50][51] but not in resistance training.[52]
Omega 3 fatty acids, in a dose dependent manner,[53] can lower cortisol release influenced by mental stress[54] by suppressing the synthesis of interleukin-1 and 6 and enhance the synthesis of interleukin-2, where the former promote higher CRH release. Omega 6 fatty acids, on the other hand, acts inversely on interleukin synthesis.[citation needed]
Hypoestrogenism and melatonin supplementation increases cortisol levels in postmenopausal women.[55]
Burnout is associated with higher cortisol levels.[56]
Music therapy can reduce cortisol levels in certain situations.[57]
Massage therapy can reduce cortisol.[58]
Laughing and the experience of humour can lower cortisol levels.[59]
Subcutaneous adipose tissue regenerates cortisol from cortisone.[60]
Makeup reduces cortisol levels in a mental stress situation.[61]
Anorexia nervosa increases cortisol levels.[62]
Black tea may speed up recovery from a high cortisol condition.[63][64]
The serotonin receptor gene 5HTR2C is associated with increased cortisol production in men.[65]
Soy derived Phosphatidylserine interacts with cortisol but the right dosage is still unclear.[66][67]
Vitamin C may slightly blunt cortisol release in response to a mental stressor. [68]
Oral contraceptives increase cortisol levels in young women who perform whole-body resistance exercise training. [69]
Commuting increases cortisol levels, related to the length of the trip, the amount of effort involved and the predictability of the trip[70]
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