@ hair-cook- please stop repeating what swiss says and show your own evidence please
Black Pepper is a spice commonly used in many areas of the world for flavor. Through its active component Piperine, Black Pepper is able to modify supplement and drug metabolism.
A process in the liver called glucuronidation, which attaches a molecule (glucuronide) to drugs to signal for their urinary excretion, is inhibited with piperine. This process prevents excessive levels of drugs and supplements in the body, but sometimes inhibits all uptake and renders some supplements useless. In the scenario of piperine ingestion, excretion of supplements is hindered and certain drugs and supplements can bypass this regulatory stage (as not all are subject to it).
This is good in some cases, as Piperine is required to give
curcumin to the extremities rather than it getting consumed by glucuronidation in the liver. However, in some other cases it can lead to elevated levels of certain drugs in the blood. Again, elevated could be good or bad depending on context; regardless, caution should be taken when approaching this compound.
BIO-PIPERINE
http://nutrientjournal.com/black-pe...sorption-of-nutrients-antioxidant-properties/
Bio-enhancing Ability
It has been shown that piperine can
dramatically increase absorption of selenium,
vitamin B,
vitamin C,
coenzyme Q10 [1] and
beta-carotene, [2]. Piperine also increases the bioavailability of herbal and conventional drugs such as
resveratrol and curcumin [12]. Piperine favorably stimulates the digestive enzymes of pancreas which enhances the digestive capacity and significantly reduces the gastrointestinal food transit time.[3] The results of clinical studies of piperine with drugs indicate that piperine administered orally at a single dose ranging from 20 to 50 mg may significantly increase serum drug levels by reducing the clearance of drugs, from natural or synthetic source.[1]
The mechanisms by which piperine increases the absorption may involve increased gastrointestinal blood supply [4], postulated thermogenic properties [5] and the increase in bioenergetic processes [6].
Piperine can also
attenuate free radicals and
reactive oxygen species and has been shown to protect against oxidative damage
in vitro.[7]
Safety and Side Effects
Piperin has been shown to inhibit both human drug-metabolizing enzymes P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 (possibly others too)[8] which may lead to
grapefruit-like effect. Inhibition of these enzymes decreases their ability to break down drugs which in turn increases drug blood levels and which causes worse side effects etc. Therefore, black pepper should not be consumed in combination with any drugs. For example,
it was shown that a single administration of 1 g of black pepper more than doubled area under the plasma concentration-time curve and elimination half-life of phenytoin [9].
Piperine can be toxic for the central nervous and reproductive systems at high concentrations [11].