| Incubation of HaCaT keratinocytes with 1 μM for 24 h
Topical application (5 mg/cm2 skin) for 21 days in male C57BL/6 mice
Human trial: 35 volunteers, tocotrienol capsule (50 mg) twice daily for 8 months | Reduced expression of E-cadherin.
TCF3 activation by increasing nuclear translocation of β-catenin.
The db/db mice showed an increase in the number of anagen hair follicles.
Inhibited the expression of epidermal E-cadherin, Oct4, Sox9, Klf4, c-Myc, and Nanog.
Increased 34% in hair counts. (Baseline 284.8 ± 111.3 vs. after treatment 383.1 ±120.9) | |
| Treatment of human DPCs with 10 μM for 48 h
Topical application (1% aqueous solution) in C3H mice | Significantly enhanced the 60% ATP content.
Enhanced the hair growth by approximately 40%, 80%, and 120% at Days 14, 20, and 30 after treatment.
Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. | |
| Human DPCs treated with 20 μg/mL for 48 h | Increased spheroid size.
Increased growth factor (IGF-1, VEGF.)
Hair induction through the activation of AKT-mediated Wnt signaling. | |
| Human hair follicle DPCs incubated with 10, 50, and 100 μM of the compound | Increased hair count to the levels of 118.3%, 119.2%, and 150.5%.
Activation of β-catenin, p-GSK-3β and growth factor (IGF-1, VEGF). | |
| Human hair follicle DPCs treated with 3 μM for 48 h.
C57BL/6 mice treated topically with 200 µL of costunolide (3 µmol/L) twice daily for 15 days, | Promoted the cell proliferation through WNT-β-catenin, hedgehog-Gli activity and inhibition of the TGF-β1-Smad pathway.
Promoted significant hair growth in mice.
The diameter and depth of hair follicles are significantly higher. | |
| Skin and epidermal cells were isolated from the skin of a C57BL/6 mouse grafted in a 1:1 ratio by incising a wound on the back of a Balb/c-nu mouse and treated with 50 μmol or 100 μmol for 28days. | Significantly increased TCF/LEF reporter activity.
Increased ALP activity and stimulates the expression of Wnt3a, Wnt5a, frizzled 7 and disheveled 2.
Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and increased of ALP, IGF-1 and VEGF.
Significantly increased hair shafts. | |
| Human hair follicle DPCs treated with 10 μM for 48 h | Increase of 13.53% in the viability of cells, enhances the formation of DP spheroids in vitro,
Activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and increased the expression of Wnt5a and Lef1.
Elevated the phosphorylation of Akt. | |
| Human hair follicle DPCs treated with 0, 25, 50, and 100 μM for 48 h. | Increased cell growth on time and dose dependent activities of Akt, ERK1/2, and β-catenin. | |
| Outer root sheath cell (ORSC) and DP cell incubated 10 µM for 72 h.
C57BL/6 mice were injected into mouse HFs on post-depilation day: 100 µM in 100 μL (100 μL over 3 or 6 days) | Significantly increased proliferation by 1.3-fold and increased ORSC migration.
Upregulated Wnt10b, β-catenin and lef1 and regulates cell growth and development partly through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Accelerated hair cycling from telogen to anagen
Delay catagen progression. | |
| C57BL6/N mics shaved on the dorsal skin were treated with a dose of 4.7 mg per 12 cm2 as topically for 1–4 weeks. | Hair length was significantly longer, promotes hair growth by inducing anagen phase in resting hair follicles.
Induction of β-catenin and Sonic hedgehog (Shh). | |
Prunus mira Koehne
2,3,5,4-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-gluoside (TSG)
Seed(nut) oil (include α-tocopherol, Vitamin E, β-sitosterol, linoleic acid, and Oleic acid.) | Crude oil 60.26 mg (cm2·day)−1 and 1/2 diluted in C57BL/6 mice were administered once every 7 days and observed on 21 days. | Increasing Wnt 10 b, β-catenin mRNA and protein expression, and GSK-3 β protein expression.
Significant increase in hair length, hair growth rate, and hair weight. | |
Red ginseng oil (RGO) | Topical treatment with 10% RGO for 28 days on C57BL/6 mice | Restored hair regenerative.
Upregulated Wnt/β-catenin and Shh/Gli pathways-mediated expression of genes such as β-catenin, Lef-1, Sonic hedgehog, Smoothened, Gli-1, Cyclin D1, and Cyclin E. | |
Aconitie ciliare tuber
Natural Plant extracts | Human hair follicle DPCs and rat vibrissa dermal papilla cells (RvDP) treated with 5–50 µg/mL for 24 h.
After dorsal skin, C57BL/6 mice were treated with topical treatment at 10 mg/mL for 5 weeks. | Significant cell growth at 10 µg/mL.
Activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by enhancing β-catenin transcription.
Induced early telogen-to-anagen phase conversion of hair follicles. | |
Thuja orientalis
Natural Plant extracts
(Platycladus orientalis) | C57BL6/N mice shaved on the dorsal skin were treated with 5.05 mg/cm2/day as topically for 21 days | Promotes hair growth, hair length and number of hair follicles. Induction of β-catenin and Shh. | |
Malva verticilata
Natural Plant extracts
(Chinese mallow) | Human hair follicle DPCs treated with 20 µg/mL for 72 h. | Increased cell proliferation.
Increased β-catenin and increased transcription levels (IGF-1, KGF, VEGF and HGF) | |