Boru
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fnarr said:Hi Guys,
I think we all need to be careful about over-interpreting baldness in an evolutionary context. I'm an evolutionary biologist (final year PhD at a leading UK university), so I'm going to try and clarify a few things. I'm not trying to patronise or anything, just inform the discussion a little better.
First we need to establish the principal that unless something hampers or improves your ability to reproduce it will not be selected against or for in a population. A classic example is the inherited nueromuscular disease Huntington's. This is a tragic and always fatal degenerative condition that renders suffers tiotally unable to care for themselves. The worst thing about it however, is that symptoms do not present themselves unitl those with the mutation are in their forties and fifties - crucially AFTER most people have had children, so they often pass the mutation on. So despite the fact that this is a universally fatal condition, it is often not selected against.
Likewise heart disease. Typicaly it doesn't show up until our forties and fifties, after we've reproduced, so it is not being selected against and genetic predispostions will remain in the population.
The chance that increased baldness rates have something to do with global warming are literally zero. Natural selection does not work that quickly. If there is indeed an increased number of bald men around it MUST be environmental factors such as increased consumption of red meat, pollution, whatever. The frequency of 'baldness genes' in the population cannot have changed significantly.
The fact that baldness is present in all human populations suggests that it is also selectively neutral; it's never been selected against to disappear. That is to say that all esle being equal, bald people, or people who go on to become bald are just as likely to pass their genes on to the next generation as people with a full head of hair into their eighties. Baldness and heart disease may indeed be linked somehow, but that doesn't stop them being passed on.
This begs the question: why do different ethnic groups show different baldness rates? If we accept that baldness is effectively selectively neutral, then the fact that Europeans have high baldness rates is not of adaptive significance. So variation is likely down to random genetic drift and what is known as a 'founder effect'. Founder effects happen when a population goes through a 'bottleneck', for example the colonisation of Europe out of Africa, which from studies of mitochondrial and Y chromosome DNA has been shown to have probably been by a small group. Say this group had 10 males, five of whom were bald/balding, even thousands of years later we a feeling the effects of that. Likwise, a group that crossed the Bering straight to Canada may have had no bald men, so baldness in today's eskimo population is very rare.
Further to this, if baldness were an evolutionary response, then it does not make sense that
1. women do not develop it
2. children have full heads of hair
The second point is particularly telling - vitamin D's primary target is bones (deficiency causes rickets), growing children require a large amount, so if being bald is a response to needing more, it would have been selected to develop younger.
A couple of small points now, perhaps pedantic; firstly, to describe a hair follicle as an organism is not really useful or correct, particularly in an evolutionary context. The cells that go make up our hair follicles contain all the same genetic information as each other, and for that matter the same genetic information as the cells in our brain, liver, or any other cell (except our sperm, but that's another story). Secondly, human hair evolved from mammalian fur, not directly from human skin. This explain why it 'stands on end' in respose to stimuli. In furry mammals this response makes the animal look bigger (that's why cats do it when they fight) or conserves body heat by trapping more insulating air.
Also, going back to the original post suggesting that the pattern of male pattern baldness is due to our pillows absorbing the sebum from the back and sides: it's a cute idea, but doesn't really hold water and poses and obvious question. Why do stump-tailed macaques and other primates show the same pattern, yet do not sleep on pillows like we do.
The fact that hairloss goes way back in the primate lineage should give those losing their hair cause for celebration: it meants that baldness never stopped anyone getting laid!
Hope this wasn't too long winded and helps the discussion.
Thanks mate. I am actually concentrating on improving peripheral microcapillary circulation, could there be an evolutionary biological link in this area? My amateur thoughts on evolutionary influences
have started a good debate, and you have sorted out my direction on that
Boru