Found the information on the laws in Japan.
https://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v19/n5/pdf/nm0513-510.pdf?origin=ppub
I have free access, so I'll post the relevant quotes:
Under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law as it
currently stands, regenerative therapies, like
small-molecule drugs, must undergo three
phases of costly and cumbersome clinical trials
to get approval by Japan’s Pharmaceutical and
Medical Devices Agency.
The proposed amendments to the
pharmaceutical law will create a new, separate
approval channel for regenerative medicine.
Rather than using phased clinical trials,
companies will have to demonstrate efficacy
in pilot studies of as few as ten patients in one
study, if the change is dramatic enough, or a few
hundred when improvement is more marginal.
According to Toshio Miyata, deputy director
of the Evaluation and Licensing Division at
the Pharmaceutical and Food Safety Bureau
in Tokyo, if efficacy can be “surmised,” the
treatment will be approved for marketing. At
that stage, the treatment could be approved for
commercial use and, crucially for such expensive
treatments, for national insurance coverage.
With the bar for regenerative therapies
dramatically lowered by requiring only limited
safety and efficacy data—and essentially doing
away with the need for high-powered phase
3 trials—the amendments’ architects say it
will be possible to get a stem cell treatment to
the market in just three years, rather than the
typical six or more. The law should also give
local producers of regenerative medicine an
edge even over those selling stem cell therapies
in South Korea, where an accelerated system has
helped companies get more stem cell treatments
on the market than any other country (see Nat.
Med. 18, 329, 2012). “It’s bold,” says Yoshihide
Esaki, director of Bio-Industry Division, a
bureau of the Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry based in Tokyo, which promoted
legislation calling for the update.
Following approval, there will be a postmarket
surveillance period of five to seven years,
after which the treatment will be evaluated again
for safety and efficacy. Every patient must be
entered in a registry during that period, says
Miyata. If the therapies prove inefficacious or
unsafe, approval can be withdrawn.
According to that, it seems they are saying the law requires a
3 year process to prove safety, which is the bare minimum of what I think reasonably makes sense. Think about it, would you want tumors popping all over your scalp from stem cells going wrong?
Then there is another 5-7 year monitoring period where every single patient who gets the treatment must be registered and monitored and until that period passes, the approval is "conditional" and can be revoked if problems arise.
From that and what they are doing currently, I can only assume when they say "it will be available in 2020" they mean for the 10-100 or so initial test patients they will start with. Otherwise the timeline still doesn't add up.
If that is what they mean, then 2023 would be the likely earliest possible start of broad availability. But even then, given that all patients for the next 5-7 years would need to be registered and monitored, I'm not sure if they'd even let foreigners get the treatment. How would they monitor someone in Brazil or Egypt after he flew home?
If that's again the case, then we'd be looking at 2028-2030 for non-Japanese, assuming it all goes smoothly.