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buckthorn , Irresponsible lending and borrowing were inevitable given that the government decided to Propecia up housing indefinitely several decades ago. Once there's a popular belief that you're guaranteed to make 15% annual returns off real estate, which is impossible without government backing, there will be vultures and parasites crowding in.
The banks had an incentive to be irresponsible lenders and thus they lend irresponsibly. If the owners pay them back, they make money. If the owner doesn't pay them back, they still make money because:
1) They evict the owner and keep the property;
2) The government buys the mortgage off them;
How many people have gone to jail and acquired criminal records off the housing crash? Zero. Zero criminal convictions for all that fraud. Meanwhile, if you were to steal bread from the bakery you might spend a year in jail or more off a "three-strikes" law. There is no incentive against fraud. There are a lot of incentives for fraud. So fraud happens. Human beings respond to perceived incentives: that's a law of human nature. As far as I can tell, both Trump and Clinton supporting hitting the accelerator on the real estate bubble.
In the USA:
- Interest on mortgages is 100% tax deductible;
- Interest on student loans is deductible up to $2,500, and not deductible if you make more than 80,000/year;
- Interest on consumer credit card debt is 0% tax deductible;
Most other countries don't have such a lopsided incentive for home ownership.
The other factor is the spending on roads and public transportation. Buses, metros, trains, are scorned upon throughout the USA. Buses are seen as being "for losers". Meanwhile, there is lavish spending on highways, toll roads, expressways, and so on. This is a massive distortionary economic incentive, unique in the western world, encouraging people to buy homes in the suburbs rather than rent apartments in the city.